La participación en el triatlón como necesidad humana de definir metas y exceder fronteras. ¿Cómo entender el triatleta?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30937/2526-6314.v4.id114Palabras clave:
triatlón, participación deportiva, motivación, necesidades humanasResumen
Buchholz y Artinian (2009) definieron la actividad física y la categorizaron en tres niveles: bajo, moderado y alto. El triatlón es una actividad que normalmente combina la natación, el ciclismo y la carrera en una sola prueba, por lo que es de nivel alto y se considera una modalidad difícil, que requiere una intensa planificación y entrenamiento. Los tres deportes se realizan de forma consecutiva sin interrupción. A medida que los deportistas aficionados muestran un interés creciente por los eventos de larga distancia y la participación en el triatlón es cada vez mayor, el objetivo de este artículo es intentar comprender la popularización de un deporte tan difícil como el triatlón. La pregunta de investigación es ¿qué motiva a la gente a participar en el triatlón y por qué la gente siente la necesidad de participar en una competición deportiva tan exhaustiva? Se decidió buscar respuestas a las preguntas de investigación con una revisión de la literatura sobre el problema y sobre la participación en el triatlón. Se encontró que la base de la mayoría de las investigaciones es la teoría de la autodeterminación. Muchos autores mencionaron en su investigación la Escala de motivación de maratón (MOMS).
Descargas
Citas
Lamont M, Kennelly M. A qualitative exploration of participant motives among committed amateur triathletes. Leisure Sciences. 2012; 34(3): 236-255. doi:10.1080/01490400.2012.669685
Plant M. Triathlon: going the distance. Chicago. IL: Contemporary Book; 1987.
Brown C. Motives for participation in triathlons among midlife to older black women: a mixed method study [cited 1 dec 2020]. 2016. Available at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/51294214.pdf.
Lovett D. An examination of the motives to participate in sprint distance triathlon. [thesis]. Albuquerque (USA): University of New Mexico; 2011 [cited 01 dec 2020]. Available at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/151575125.pdf.
Thompson P, Buchner D, Piña I, Balady G, Williams M, Marcus B, Wenger N. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic. Cardiovascular Disease. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2003; 107(23): 42-49. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000075572.40158.77
Buchholz SW, Artinian NT. Dimensions of physical activity in African American women. Health Care for Women International. 2009; 30(4): 308-323. doi:10.1090/07399330802694955
Center for disease control physical activity: Surveillance systems. [cited 1 dec 2020]. 2016. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/data/surveillance.html.
Krouse R, Ransdell L, Lucas S, Prichard M. Motivations, goal orientation, coaching and training habits of women ultrarunners. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2011; 29(10): 2835-2842. doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e318207e964
Sellés-Pérez S, Fernández-Sáez J, Férriz-Valero A, Esteve-Lanao J, Cejuela R. Changes in triathletes’ performance and body composition during a specific training period for a half-ironman race. J Hum Kinet. 2019; 67: 185–198. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0077
Schneider T. Triathlon revolution: training, technique, and inspiration. Seattle (USA): The Mountaineers Books; 2008.
LaChausse RG. Motives of competitive and non-competitive cyclists. Journal of Sport Behavior. 2006; 29(4): 304-314.
Masters KS, Ogles BM, Jolton JA. The development of an instrument to measure motivation for marathon running: The Motivation of Marathoners Scales (MoMS). Res. Q. Exerc. Sport. 1993; 64: 134–143.
Masters KS, Ogles BM, Jolton JA. The development of an instrument to measure motivation for marathon running: The Motivations of Marathoners Scales (MOMS). Research Quarterly in Exercise and Sport. 1993; 64(2): 134-143. doi:10.1080/02701367.1993.10608790
Masters KS, Ogles BM. An investigation of the different motivations of marathon runners with varying degrees of experience. J. Sport Behav. 1995; 18: 69–79.
Ogles BM, Masters KS, Richardson SA. Obligatory running and gender: An analysis of participative motives and training habits. Int. J. Sport Psychol. 1995; 26: 233–248.
Masters KS, Ogles BM. Cognitive strategies relate to injury, motivation, and performance among marathon runners: results from two studies. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 1998: 10: 281–296.
Ogles BM, Masters KS. Older versus younger adult male marathon runners: participative motives and training habits. J. Sport Behav. 2000; 23: 1–14.
Doppelmayr M, Molkenthin A. Motivation of participants in adventure ultramarathons compared to other foot races. Biology of Sport. 2004; 21(4): 319-323.
Croft SJ, Gray CC, Duncan JF. Motives for participating in triathlon: an investigation between elite and non-elite competitors in an Australian setting [cited 1 dec 2020]. 2007. Available at http://reocities.com/CollegePark/5686/su99p12.htm
Lovett D. An examination of the motives to participate in sprint distance triathlon [thesis]. Albuquerque (USA): University of New Mexico; 2011 [cited 1 dec 2020]. Available at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/151575125.pdf
Deci EL, Ryan RM. Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology. 2008; 49(1): 14-23. doi:10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14
Lamont M, Kennelly M. A qualitative exploration of participant motives among committed amateur triathletes. Leisure Sciences. 2012: 34(3): 236-255. doi:10.1080/01490400.2012.669685
Youngman J, Simpson D. Risk for exercise addiction: a comparison of triathletes training for sprint-, olympic-, half-ironman-, and ironman-distance triathlons. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. 2014; 8(1): 19-37. doi:10.1123/jcsp.2014-0010
Cronan M, Scott D. Triathlon and women's narratives of bodies and sport. Leisure Sciences. 2008; 30(1): 17-34. doi:10.1080/01490400701544675
McCarville R. From a fall in the mall to a run in the sun: one journey to Ironman triathlon. Leisure Sciences. 2007; 29(2): 159-173. doi:10.1080/01490400601160812
Virnig AG, McLeod CR. Attitudes toward eating and exercise: a comparison of runners and triathletes. Journal of Sport Behavior. 1996; 19(1): 82-90.
Hendy HM, Boyer BJ. Gender differences in attributions for triathlon performance. Sex Roles. 1993; 29(7/8): 527-543. doi:10.1007/bf00289326
Dionigi RA. Older sportswomen: personal and cultural meanings of resistance and conformity. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences. 2010; 5(4): 395-408.
Bell GJ, Howe BL. Mood state profiles and motivations of triathletes. Journal of Sport Behavior. 1998; 11(2): 66-77.
Baczurik A. Just tri: examining the transformative experiences of women amputees who participate in paratriathlons [thesis]. Clemson, South Carolina (USA): Clemson University; 2012 [cited 1 dec 2020]. Available at https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2493&context=all_theses.
Cronan M, Scott D. Triathlon and women's narratives of bodies and sport. Leisure Sciences. 2008; 30(1): 17-34. doi:10.1080/01490400701544675
Brown C, Collins S. African American triathletes: an exercise regimen for the aging woman. Poster session presented at the Gerontological Society of America Annual Meeting Atlanta GA; 2009.
Peterson MD, Gordon PM. Resistance exercise for the aging adult: clinical implications and prescription guidelines. The American Journal of Medicine. 2011; 124(3): 194-198. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.08.020
James D, Pobee J, Oxidine D, Brown L. Using the health belief model to develop culturally appropriate weight-management materials for African-American women. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2012; 112(5): 2212-2672. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.02.003
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Los autores autorizan a otros a copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato. Remezcla, transforma y crea a partir del material. No puede utilizar el material con fines comerciales.
