La regla Olímpica 50 y la neutralidad política: ¿es hora de un punto de inflexión?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30937/2526-6314.v6.id160Palabras clave:
Olimpismo, regla 50, neutralidadResumen
Desde 1955, la Carta Olímpica (CO) establece que no debe haber eventos extraños en los Juegos Olímpicos (JO), en particular de carácter político. La llamada Regla 50 prohibía el uso de los Juegos para exteriorizar las propias ideas. Las violaciones fueron, en su mayoría, por la conducta simbólica de deportistas que fueron sancionados a pesar de exigir el respeto a los derechos humanos fundamentales que fueron vulnerados en muchas regiones del mundo. La primera pregunta que plantea este ensayo es: ¿es la regla un impedimento injustificado para actuar por una causa justa? Los recientes acontecimientos políticos internacionales, y en particular el conflicto armado ruso-ucraniano, han despertado un renovado interés en la apolítica y neutralidad declaradas del Movimiento Olímpico (OM) y su eficacia en la promoción de la paz y el logro de los objetivos del Olimpismo. La segunda pregunta de este ensayo es: ¿es esta posición siempre conciliable con hechos reales? Se concluirá que la actual regla 50 se apega a las normas del derecho internacional mientras que la neutralidad debe ser repensada y sacrificada si hace menos efectiva la búsqueda de los objetivos de paz y justicia. Los dos problemas son independientes pero pueden actuar de manera complementaria para perseguir objetivos legítimos de MO.
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